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Partnership minyan (pl. partnership minyanim) is a term used to describe a religious Jewish prayer group that seeks to maximize women's participation in services within the confines of Jewish law as understood by Orthodox Judaism. This includes enabling women to lead parts of service, read from the Torah, serve in lay leadership positions, sit in a more gender-balanced format, and in some cases count as part of a minyan ("quorum") of ten men and ten women. Partnership minyanim began in 2002 simultaneously in New York and Jerusalem, and have now spread to over 30 communities in at least five different countries around the world. ==Definition== JOFA defines a partnership minyan as: :() prayer group that is both committed to maintaining halakhic standards and practices and also committed to including women in ritual leadership roles to the fullest extent possible within the boundaries of Jewish Law. This means that the minyan is made up of 10 men, men and women are separated by a mechitzah, and the traditional liturgy is used. However, women may fully participate in ''kriyat ha'Torah'' (Torah reading), including ''layning'' (chanting the text) and receiving ''aliyot'', and may lead parts of the prayer service such as ''psukei d'zimrah'' and ''kabbalat Shabbat'', which do not contain ''d'varim she bikedusha''.〔(JOFA Partnership Minyan Page )〕 Professor Tamar Ross explains: :A small number of communities in the United States and Israel that consider themselves Orthodox (including one Hartman-Halbertal helped to found) have implemented more egalitarian practices in the synagogue. These include the practice of calling women up to the Torah and allowing them to lead those portions of the service that are not halakhically defined as prayer, such as the set of hymns welcoming the advent of the Sabbath. They rely on minority opinions that halakhic problems with men hearing women sing do not apply to synagogue worship.〔Ross, Tamar. ''Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism''. Brandeis University Press, 2004, p. 97. ISBN 978-1-58465-390-5〕 Some partnership minyanim also wait to begin parts of the service requiring a ''minyan'' until 10 women as well as 10 men are present. Such a service is also known as a Shira Hadasha-style minyan, after Kehillat Shira Hadasha in Jerusalem, among the first such prayer groups to be established, in 2001. Various structural innovations have been devised to permit women to lead prayers while maintaining distinct men's and women's sections, such as separate shtenders (reader's lecterns) and a ''mechitza'' going down the middle of the room.〔(Website of Kehillat Shira Hadasha, Jerusalem )〕 Men can also be limited in which service parts they can lead. In response to arguments that the halakhic underpinnings of the approach are stronger if done on a temporary and situational basis, some Partnership Minyanim, including Shira Hadasha, have deliberately chosen to meet in spaces that are not regularly or permanently used for synagogue worship, and some meet on a situational schedule rather than every Shabbat. In keeping with arguments that women are permitted to read only some but not all the aliyot on shabbat, Partnership minyanim generally do not permit women to be called for the two aliyot reserved to a Kohen and Levi if they are present, but only the last five of the seven aliyot on Shabbat, plus the ''maftir'' for the reading from the Prophets. In keeping with arguments that the Talmudic sources involved apply only to the seven aliyot on Shabbat, some partnership minyanim meet only on Shabbat or on other occasions, such as Purim, where other special halakhic arguments supporting greater women's participation have been made. (See Women and megilla reading on Purim.) Some minyanim, especially in Israel, meet regularly on every shabbat and on every holiday. A small number of partnership minyanim have been established in Israel, the United States, Canada,〔("Thinking outside the ortho-box" ), ''Canadian Jewish News''〕 and Australia.〔(Website of Shira Hadasha of Melbourne, Australia )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Partnership minyan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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